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| ethnic_groups_year = 2002〔 | demonym = Guyanese | government_type = Unitary semi-presidential republic | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = David Granger | leader_title2 = Prime Minister | leader_name2 = Moses Nagamootoo | legislature = National Assembly | area_rank = 85th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area_km2 = 214,970 | area_sq_mi = 83,000 | percent_water = 8.4 | population_estimate = 735,554〔 | population_estimate_rank = 165th | population_estimate_year = 2014 | population_census = 747,884〔(Guyana 2012 Census ) GeoHive– Guyana. Retrieved 2 August 2012.〕 | population_census_year = 2012 | population_density_km2 = 3.502 | population_density_sq_mi = 9.071 | population_density_rank = 232nd or 8th least-densely populated in the world | GDP_PPP = $6.155 billion〔 | GDP_PPP_year = 2012 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $7,938〔 | GDP_nominal = $2.788 billion〔 | GDP_nominal_year = 2012 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,596〔 | currency = Guyanese dollar | currency_code = GYD | sovereignty_type = Formation | established_event1 = Dutch Guiana | established_date1 = 1667–1814 | established_event2 = British Guiana | established_date2 = 1814–1966 | established_event3 = Independence from the United Kingdom | established_date3 = 26 May 1966 | established_event4 = Republic | established_date4 = 23 February 1970 | established_event5 = | established_date5 = 6 October 1980 | Gini_year = 1998 | Gini_change = | Gini = 44.5 | Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) )〕 | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = steady | HDI = 0.638 | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 121st | country_code = | time_zone = GYT (Guyana Time) | utc_offset = -4 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = left | calling_code = +592 | cctld = .gy }} Guyana (pronounced or ),〔 entry "Guyana"〕 officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Independent States in the World )〕 is a sovereign state on the northern mainland of South America. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Brazil to the south and southwest, Suriname to the east and Venezuela to the west. With , Guyana is the third-smallest country on mainland South America after Uruguay and Suriname. The region known as "Guiana" or "Guyana" comprised the large shield landmass north of the Amazon River and east of the Orinoco River known as the "Land of many waters". Originally inhabited by several indigenous groups, Guyana was settled by the Dutch before coming under British control in the late 18th century. It was governed as the plantation economy of British Guiana until independence in 1966, and officially became a republic within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. The legacy of British rule is reflected in the country's diverse population, which includes Indian, Africa, Amerindian, and multiracial groups. Guyana also has the distinction of being the only South American nation in which English is the official language. The majority of the population, however, speak Guyanese Creole, an English-based creole language with slight Dutch, Arawakan and Caribbean influences. In addition to being part of the Anglophone Caribbean, Guyana is one of the few Caribbean countries that is not an island in the West Indies. The Caribbean Community (CARICOM), of which Guyana is a member, is headquartered in Guyana's capital and largest city, Georgetown. In 2008, the country joined the Union of South American Nations as a founding member. == Etymology == The name "Guyana" is derived from ''Guiana'', the original name for the region that formerly included Guyana (British Guiana), Suriname (Dutch Guiana), French Guiana, and parts of Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil. According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary,'' Guyana is derived from an Indigenous Amerindian language and means "land of many waters".〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Guyana )〕 == History == (詳細はindigenous tribes residing in Guyana: the Wai Wai, Machushi, Patamona, Arawak, Carib, Wapishana, Arecuna, Akawaio, and Warrau. Historically the Arawak and Carib tribes dominated Guyana. Although Christopher Columbus sighted Guyana during his third voyage (in 1498), the Dutch were the first to establish colonies: Essequibo (1616), Berbice (1627), and Demerara (1752). After the British assumed control in 1796, the Dutch formally ceded the area in 1814. In 1831 the three separate colonies became a single British colony known as British Guiana. Since Independence in 1824, Venezuela has claimed the area of land to the west of the Essequibo River. Simón Bolívar wrote to the British government warning against the Berbice and Demerara settlers settling on land which the Venezuelans, as assumed heirs of Spanish claims on the area dating to the sixteenth century, claimed was theirs. In 1899 an international tribunal ruled the land belonged to Great Britain. The border disputes persist and no final settlement has been reached Guyana achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 26 May 1966 and became a republic on 23 February 1970, remaining a member of the Commonwealth. The US State Department and the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), along with the British government, played a strong role in influencing political control in Guyana during this time.〔(US Declassified Documents (1964–1968) ). guyana.org〕 The American government supported Forbes Burnham during the early years of independence because Cheddi Jagan was identified as a Marxist. They provided secret financial support and political campaign advice to Burnham's People's National Congress, to the detriment of the Jagan-led People's Progressive Party, which was mostly supported by Guyanese of East Indian background. In 1978, Guyana received international notice when 918 members of the American cult, Peoples Temple, died in a mass murder/suicide. Most of the suicides were American and more than 300 children were killed; the people were members of a group led by Jim Jones in Jonestown, the settlement which they had created. Jim Jones's bodyguards had earlier attacked people taking off at a small remote airstrip close to Jonestown, killing five people, including Leo Ryan, the only US congressman ever assassinated in the line of duty. In May 2008, President Bharrat Jagdeo was a signatory to the UNASUR Constitutive Treaty of the Union of South American Nations. Guyana has ratified the treaty. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Guyana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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